Psoriasis - About Diseases, Causes, Photos, Treatment

Psoriasis is a chronic dermatological disease based on pathogenesis is an abnormally rapid increase in skin cells, which appears on the surface of the skin of various colors.

Nowadays, psoriasis has become the most common non -infectious dermatological disease.Psoriasis has no sexual will - both men and women suffer from them just as often.You can acquire this pathology at any age, but the first signs of the disease are more likely to appear for 20 years.

Psoriasis is quite weak in therapy, partly due to the fact that the etiology and pathogenesis of this pathology is still unclear.In addition, there is no tool for specific prevention of psoriasis, as it is impossible to determine that people are prone to the disease.

Causes of development

Currently, scientists cannot clearly answer the "Why is psoriasis developing?"The two main factors of the development of the disease are distinguished - the genetic predisposition and hyperreactivity of the immunity system.

This has been established to this dayThe tendency to inherit psoriasis- But the difficulty is that it is extremely difficult to track exactly how to inherit this predisposition and after they can influence the factors of psoriasis.

It is believed that the following factors may induce the development of psoriasis:

• Frequent hypothermia and the effect of dry climate;
• Infectious processes;
• Frequent stress;
• The use of some groups of drugs: non -sertoid anti -inflammatory drugs (especially aspirin), some hypotonic and psychotropic drugs;

Pathogenesis

Currently, the pathogenesis of psoriasis has not been clarified.The two main relationships of pathogenesis can be distinguished:

1. Violation of skin ceratinization.
2. Interruption of the immunity system.

The above factors, together, lead to the fact that the cells of the lower layers of the epidermis are divided very quickly for unknown reasons.This process leads to reactive growth of the upper layer of epidermal cells, which is externally manifested by peeling the skin.

Symptoms

The disease is always acute, without any boom in the development of the pathological process.As a general rule, the first elements of the rash are localized at the place where the skin is injured.

Pink or red papules appear on the skin at the beginning of the symptoms of psoriasis.This process is accompanied by itching.The size of the batteries ranges from a few millimeters to 1.5 centimeters (in some cases, the elements are still large).The elements of the rash are then covered with an easy -to -separable silver scale.

Sometimes psoriasis damage the nail plates.This pathology is externally similar to fungal damage to the nails and the following symptoms show:

• There are many small recesses on the nail surface;

• The edge of the nail plate is thickened and boring, yellowish;

Another typical manifestation of psoriasis is psoriatic arthritis (symmetrical damage to joints and periarticular tissues).Most often, the pathological process develops in the inter -wall joints of the legs and hands.Initially, the disease is illustrated by pain and swelling, and then deformation of the affected joint, which can lead to the patient's disability.It should be noted that in rare cases the damage is possible.Occasionally, psoriatic arthritis also develops in the spinal joints.

Type

The following types of psoriasis are distinguished depending on the severity and characteristics of clinical manifestations:

• Plaque.This type is most common - diagnosed with almost 90% of people with psoriasis.Elements of rash can theoretically occur in any area of the skin.However, the most typical localizations are the lower back, the scalp and the lower limbs (the elbow and the knee area).It should be noted that with this form of psoriasis, pathological elements do not appear on the face, the palms and soles remain intact.Externally, this form looks like an inflamed plaque with silver covered with scales.When the plaques appear under the scales, the lymphatic is liberated.With additional injuries, plaque begins with bleeding.The shape of psoriasis plaque is also characterized by the appearance of so -called "paraffin lakes" - the confluence of several plaques in one element.
• Reverse psoriasis (flexing surfaces psoriasis or intertigonic).This form is quite rare.The elements of the rash are in the form of red spots without peeling that do not stand above the surface of the intact skin.Typical localization of this form of psoriasis - skin rappers (axillary cavities, inguinal folds, women in women).In addition, due to localization characteristics, fungal infection is often connected to reverse psoriasis.
• Gender psoriasis.This form is most often formed in girls, especially during adolescence (up to 16 years).The development of the pathological process is often preceded by streptococcal infection (such as angina).The rashes with rocky psoriasis resemble an ordinary allergic rash - small points that become gray and not rise above the skin surface.Such rashes may appear in any area of the skin.The skin on which the rashes are usually located has an inflammatory appearance.

• Pustulenia psoriasis.A more severe form than the above.Pustular psoriasis shows small, painful protrusions on the patient's body.This form can occur both local and generally.In pustular psoriasis, patients' general condition often deteriorates and body temperature rises.In the general form of pustular psoriasis, hospital care is required.
• Erytroderma is the most serious form of psoriasis.With this, the patient's almost whole skin is injured.This form is accompanied by chills, a large increase in body temperature and a sharp deterioration of the patient.This disease requires urgent medical intervention, which may result in a fatal result.

Seriousness

There are many different degrees of psoriasis in terms of severity.However, in routine clinical practice, the simplest is most commonly used, which does not require any special research methods.

Thus distinguishesA degree of psoriasis of three degreesDepending on the frequency of the pathological process:

• A clear figure.This form is adjusted in cases where the patient is affected by less than 3% of the skin psoriasis.
• Moderate form.This diagnosis is made with psoriasis damage to 3-10% of the patient's skin.
• Heavy form.This form is exhibited, taking into account skin injury and clinical manifestation.Thus, this form is shown by injury to more than 10% of the skin or a significant deterioration of the patient's well.It should be noted that psoriasis is considered severe in the presence of psoriasis arthritis, regardless of the degree of prevalence of the pathological process.

The course of illness and prognosis

Psoriasis is a disease that has a wave -like path, that is, the periods of remission (when the symptoms are virtually disappearing) and worsen.As a general rule, the process has worsened during the seasonal periods.

The prognosis of psoriasis depends on the form and severity of the disease.As a general rule, with the classic forms of psoriasis, prognosis is favorable, but in severe forms of disability and even death.

In most forms of psoriasis, despite the favorable prognosis, do not forget the social aspect of the disease.During the acute period of the disease, the human head's skin and hairy are covered by plaques that are often perceived by others as a manifestation of any infectious disease.As a result, those around them begin to avoid the patient, which closes and often causes depression.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations of the disease, current properties and objective control data.There are many typical symptoms to diagnose psoriasis:

• "Psoriatic movie" - if you cleanse the surface of the peeling papula, it will be smooth and shiny.
• "Stearin spot" - When the psoriatic elements appear, their surface becomes whitish and star films appear.
• "Blood" - If you do not stop the strap of the elements after manifesting the above symptoms, their surface is covered with blood drops (capillary bleeding appears).

The three symptoms described above are called "psoriatic triple" and is the main method of diagnosing psoriasis.However, there are more signs determined at a certain stage of the disease:

• In the acute stage of psoriasis, the symptoms of Pilnov (psoriasis elements surrounded by a red edge) and kebner (new rashes appear actively in the injured areas of the skin).
• The stages of the regression also determine the symptoms of voronov (a light flame of a small wrinkled skin is determined around the elements).

Among the laboratory and instrumental methods are the following:

• Microscopic examination of scales and dough with potassium hydroxide (for differential diagnosis of fungal skin damage).
• In complex clinical cases, atypical course, pathological elements perform biopsy.
• In the case of psoriatic arthritis, blood test indicators (primarily the ESR and rheumatoid factor) are tested and x -scrubbing the affected joints (another etiology for arthritis differential diagnosis).

Treatment

Treatment of psoriasis is a long and complex process.Unfortunately, since psoriasis is a chronic disease, the therapy is not to cure the patient, but to achieve longer remission and prevent aggravations.The treatment depends on the stage, shape and severity of psoriasis.It should be noted that the set of medical measures should be prescribed as a dermatologist and only after thorough examination of the patient and monitoring the diagnosis.

Diet.Treatment of psoriasis should begin with the correction of the patient's daily diet.When it comes to general recommendations, people with psoriasis should reduce the amount of protein in the diet and increase the amount of carbohydrates due to the consumption of vegetables and fruits.It is also necessary to exclude products that can provoke psoriasis aggravation: alcohol, chocolate, various spicy spices, and limiting the use of garlic and onion.It is also worth limiting the consumption of roast meat and fish and smoked meats.

In addition, when compiling the optimal diet, the patient's tendency to allergies against any product should be ruled out and, if possible, to be excluded.The optimal diet has large amounts of fresh and vegetables, as well as lean meat and fish use in cooked form.

Drug treatment.For the treatment of psoriasis, drugs are used in various forms of release: ointments, tablets, injections, etc.

In addition to local medicines, system management is also used when prescribed drugs in the form of tablets or injections.The following drugs are most often prescribed:

• Immunosuppressants.They have a great impact on the immunity system.It is only prescribed in severe cases that cannot be applied to other therapeutic methods because it has many side effects and is difficult to transfer.

• Cytostatics.The purpose of its function is to reduce the rate of cell division, which leads to a reduction in the rate of psoriasis and reduction in peeling.It is used only in very severe cases, with resistance to other therapeutic methods.
• Various homeopathic medicines.Unfortunately, these drugs are not suitable for all patients and do not always have the necessary effects.

Photokeemotherapy.Illumination is one of the main methods of psoriasis therapy.

In summary, it is worth noting that psoriasis is a complex and not fully examined disease.The qualified doctor should be treated with treatment.Remember that the wonderful methods that are praised on the Internet cannot help get rid of psoriasis.

The same can be said about folk medicine - all methods only profit in combination with the basic cures, which the attending physician prescribed.

Thus, it can be concluded that, in order to achieve the success of treatment, the patient should only use the methods in which he agreed with his or her doctor and observe all his recommendations.This is the only way to achieve good success in the treatment and extended remission of psoriasis.